See چالش on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "challenging",
"roman": "čâleši",
"word": "چالشی"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "<alt:چال>\n<pos:seemingly a variant of <i class=\"Arab fa-Arab mention\" lang=\"fa\">چل</i> (čal), present stem of <i class=\"Arab fa-Arab mention\" lang=\"fa\">چلیدن</i> (čalidan, “to walk, to go”)>",
"3": "ـش"
},
"expansion": "چال (čâl, seemingly a variant of چل (čal), present stem of چلیدن (čalidan, “to walk, to go”)) + ـش (-eš)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "en",
"3": "challenge",
"nocap": "y"
},
"expansion": "phono-semantic matching of English challenge",
"name": "psm"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From چال (čâl, seemingly a variant of چل (čal), present stem of چلیدن (čalidan, “to walk, to go”)) + ـش (-eš). The modern sense of \"challenge\" is not found in Steingass, and the word in general seems quite rare in classical sources. The modern meaning may be a phono-semantic matching of English challenge or some other European language. Compare تنش (taneš, “tension”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "čâleš",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"f1tr": "",
"f2tr": "",
"f3tr": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"tr": "čâleš",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": ""
},
"expansion": "چالش • (čâleš)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "čâleš"
},
"expansion": "چالش • (čâleš)",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"challenge, struggle"
],
"id": "en-چالش-fa-noun-JHr06vPR",
"links": [
[
"challenge",
"challenge"
],
[
"struggle",
"struggle"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The king ordered that the brave men of Rome\nShould display their martial gait in that borderland and country.",
"ref": "1188, Niẓāmī Ganjavī, اسکندرنامه [Iskandarnāma]:",
"roman": "bifarmūd šah tā dalērān-i rūm\nnimāyand čāliš dar ān marz u būm",
"text": "بفرمود شه تا دلیران روم\nنمایند چالش در آن مرز و بوم",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"exertion in battle; martial conduct; (loosely) battle"
],
"id": "en-چالش-fa-noun-ecPUQ3mT",
"links": [
[
"exertion",
"exertion"
],
[
"battle",
"battle"
],
[
"martial",
"martial"
],
[
"conduct",
"conduct"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) exertion in battle; martial conduct; (loosely) battle"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 18 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 11 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 18 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 18 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian terms suffixed with ـش",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"proud and sauntering gait"
],
"id": "en-چالش-fa-noun-Zv95Losg",
"links": [
[
"proud",
"proud"
],
[
"saunter",
"saunter"
],
[
"gait",
"gait"
]
],
"qualifier": "original sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, original sense) proud and sauntering gait"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡ʃɑː.ˈliʃ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡ʃʰɑː.lɪ́ʃ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡ʃʰɑː.lɪ́ʃ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡ʃʰɑː.lɪ́ʃ]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡ʃʰɔː.líʃ]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡ʃʰɒː.léʃ]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡ʃʰɔ.líʃ]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
}
],
"word": "چالش"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian nouns",
"Persian phono-semantic matchings from English",
"Persian terms derived from English",
"Persian terms suffixed with ـش",
"Persian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "challenging",
"roman": "čâleši",
"word": "چالشی"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "<alt:چال>\n<pos:seemingly a variant of <i class=\"Arab fa-Arab mention\" lang=\"fa\">چل</i> (čal), present stem of <i class=\"Arab fa-Arab mention\" lang=\"fa\">چلیدن</i> (čalidan, “to walk, to go”)>",
"3": "ـش"
},
"expansion": "چال (čâl, seemingly a variant of چل (čal), present stem of چلیدن (čalidan, “to walk, to go”)) + ـش (-eš)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "en",
"3": "challenge",
"nocap": "y"
},
"expansion": "phono-semantic matching of English challenge",
"name": "psm"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From چال (čâl, seemingly a variant of چل (čal), present stem of چلیدن (čalidan, “to walk, to go”)) + ـش (-eš). The modern sense of \"challenge\" is not found in Steingass, and the word in general seems quite rare in classical sources. The modern meaning may be a phono-semantic matching of English challenge or some other European language. Compare تنش (taneš, “tension”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "čâleš",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"f1tr": "",
"f2tr": "",
"f3tr": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"tr": "čâleš",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": ""
},
"expansion": "چالش • (čâleš)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "čâleš"
},
"expansion": "چالش • (čâleš)",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"challenge, struggle"
],
"links": [
[
"challenge",
"challenge"
],
[
"struggle",
"struggle"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Persian terms with archaic senses",
"Persian terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The king ordered that the brave men of Rome\nShould display their martial gait in that borderland and country.",
"ref": "1188, Niẓāmī Ganjavī, اسکندرنامه [Iskandarnāma]:",
"roman": "bifarmūd šah tā dalērān-i rūm\nnimāyand čāliš dar ān marz u būm",
"text": "بفرمود شه تا دلیران روم\nنمایند چالش در آن مرز و بوم",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"exertion in battle; martial conduct; (loosely) battle"
],
"links": [
[
"exertion",
"exertion"
],
[
"battle",
"battle"
],
[
"martial",
"martial"
],
[
"conduct",
"conduct"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) exertion in battle; martial conduct; (loosely) battle"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Persian terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"proud and sauntering gait"
],
"links": [
[
"proud",
"proud"
],
[
"saunter",
"saunter"
],
[
"gait",
"gait"
]
],
"qualifier": "original sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, original sense) proud and sauntering gait"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡ʃɑː.ˈliʃ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡ʃʰɑː.lɪ́ʃ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡ʃʰɑː.lɪ́ʃ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡ʃʰɑː.lɪ́ʃ]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡ʃʰɔː.líʃ]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡ʃʰɒː.léʃ]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡ʃʰɔ.líʃ]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
}
],
"word": "چالش"
}
Download raw JSONL data for چالش meaning in All languages combined (3.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.